生活的英文名词(坚持的英文名词)学会了吗
信息来源:互联网 发布时间:2023-08-12
公众号:中考英语\x0a专项复习
中考专项复习专题一:名词1. 名词语法的基本框架2.名词语境辨析3.名词的正确形式填空4.名词词组填空5.名词在句子中运用6.名词语篇填空1名词语法基本框架名词的数1. 规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs
4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s
toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
2. 不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数
people, police5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party
6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)
7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants名词的所有格名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西1. ’s 所有格的构成:单数名词在末尾加’sthe boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,
复数名词一般在末尾加’the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother,不规则复数名词后加’sthe children’s toys, women’s rights,以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’
Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’sJapan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’sJapan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s
2. ’s 所有格的用法:1表示时间today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday2表示自然现象the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches
3表示国家城市等地方的名词the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry4表示工作群体the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory
5表示度量衡及价值a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the life’s time, the play’s plot
7某些固定词组a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw3. of 所有格的用法:用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed名词单复数的判断
1.如何判定是可数名词还是不可数名词①可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,如:desk,desks;②可数名词前面可以被基数词,不定冠词(a/an),many修饰,如:three boys,an apple, many students。
2.如何判定是不可数名词①不可数名词没有复数形式,如:tea,meat;②不可数名词,若表示数量,可用量词加不可数名词,如:a piece of paper, two cups of tea3.常见的名词修饰词。
①只修饰可数名词的修饰语few 几乎没有a few 有几个several 有几个many 很多a couple of 两个a number of 若干a great/large number of 许多
②只修饰不可数名词的修饰语little很少,几乎没有a little有一点儿much很多a good/great deal of很多a bit of有一点儿a large amount of大量的③既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语
some 一些a lot of 很多lots of 很多plenty of 充足的enough 足够的most 大多数的hardly any 几乎没有the rest of 剩下的名词拓展1.voice, noise, sound
voice指人的说话声或唱歌声,指人的“嗓音”;noise是“吵闹声、噪音”,指不悦耳的声音;sound指自然界中的任何声音2.work与jobwork是不可数名词,指需花费体力和脑力的工作;job是可数名词,多指“零工”或“短工”。
例:a part-time job一份兼职工作;out of work 失业3.family, home, housefamily强调整体,指“家、家庭”时,谓语动词用单数;强调个人,指“家庭成员”时,谓语动词用复数;不用于指住房。
home强调家的概念,指人们生活居住的地方,也指出生的国家或城市;house意为“房屋、住宅”,侧重房屋本身例:My family is a big family.我家是个大家庭(强调整体)All my family were watching TV when Tom came in.(强调家庭成员)。
汤姆进来时,我们全家人都在看电视Tom considers Beijing to be his second home.汤姆把北京视为他的第二故乡I bought a house with a big garden two years ago.。
两年前我买了个带大花园的房子4.place,room和spaceplace意为“地点、地方”,为可数名词,指某一具体地点room作“房间”讲,是可数名词;作“空间”讲,是不可数名词,指供某物、某人或某个活动使用的空间。
space空间,表示万物存在之处,与time(时间)为相对概念2名词语境辨析1.Ms. Liu gave us some useful _____ on how to prepare for the exam. They really helped me a lot.
A. advantages B. expressions C. suggestions D. experiences【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析句意为:刘老师给了我们一些关于如何准备考试的有用的____。
它们真的帮助了我许多advantages优点; expressions表达;suggestions建议;experiences经历此处指有用的建议,故选C2.Many high school students want to go abroad for further _____.
A. surprise B. achievement C. education D. satisfaction【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析句意:许多高中生想去国外接受进一步的____。
surprise惊喜,惊讶;achievement成就;education教育; satisfaction满意结合句意可知此处是指去国外深造故选C3.Peter didn’t tell his parents that he would go home because he wanted to give them a _____.
A. note B. surprise C. call D. gift【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析句意为:彼得没有告诉父母他将要回家,因为他想给他们一个____note便条;surprise惊喜;call电话;gift礼物。
give sb. a surprise“给某人一个惊喜”根据语境可知,此处指的是“给父母一个惊喜”故选B4.In the center of the square stands a statue which is the _____ of our school.
A. light B. book C. symbol D. star【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析句意为:在广场中间有一座雕像,它是我们学校的____light灯;book书;symbol象征,标志;star星星,明星。
结合句意可知,雕像应该是学校的一个标志故C5.Bill will be a(n) _____ to interview the football players in the coming Tokyo Olympics in 2020.
A. doctor B. reporter C. tourist D. engineer【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析句意为:比尔将作为一名____在即将来临的2020年东京奥运会上采访足球运动员。
doctor医生;reporter记者;tourist游客;engineer工程师采访一般是记者做的事,故选B总结:名词语境辨析:名词词义辨析是必考点其中,单选和完形必考,每年单选考查1道,完形1-2道。
1.对于名词语境辨析,考生应考虑从以下方面解题:(1)分析语境和逻辑关系;(2)掌握四个选项的含义;(3)将选项筛选、排除或代入题干中;(4)确定最终答案此外,也可结合生活经验、知识积累来推测出空格处所要表达的意思。
1.I want to borrow some books. Would you like to go to the ___ with me? A. cinema B. library C. park D. station
方法点拨第①步:根据四个选项电影院、图书馆、公园、车站可知是有关地点类的名词辨析;第②步:根据前句中“borrow some books”可知跟书有关,锁定“图书馆”这个答案故正确答案为B该命题点主要涉及对职业类、抽象类、时间类、植物类、动物类、场所类及身体部位类名词等的考查。
常见的同类名词列举如下1)职业和称谓类artist艺术家 dancer舞蹈家 doctor医生driver司机 father父亲
husband丈夫mother母亲 nurse护士 player运动员scientist科学家 singer歌手
student学生teacher老师 wife妻子 woman女士worker工人 writer作家(2)抽象类chance机会
character角色 color颜色date日期 decision决定 dream梦想experience经验 height高度
hope希望interest兴趣 kindness友好 life生活meaning意思 mind思想
price价格question问题 secret秘密 sense感觉shape形状 style风格
thought想法time时间 truth真相 way方式,路(3)时间类afternoon下午
century世纪 day一天hour小时 month月 minute分钟morning早晨
night夜晚 season季节second秒 today今天 week周weekend周末
year年 yesterday昨天(4)植物类bamboo竹子 bean豆 corn玉米flower花
grass草 leaf树叶plant植物 rose玫瑰 tree树5)动物类animal动物 bear熊
bird鸟cat猫 cow奶牛 deer鹿dog狗 monkey猴子 snake蛇
(6)场所类airport机场 bank银行bookshop书店 cinema电影院
classroom教室 college大学home家 lab实验室
street街道(7)身体部位类arm手臂 body身体 ear耳朵eye眼睛 face脸
finger手指foot脚 hand手 head头leg腿 mouth嘴巴
neck脖子nose鼻子 shoulder肩膀 tooth牙齿(8)语言学习类conversation对话 discussion讨论
lesson课程 letter字母 mark分数 note笔记part部分
rule规则word单词(9)饮食类banana香蕉 beef牛肉 biscuit饼干candy糖果 carrot胡萝卜
coffee咖啡egg鸡蛋 dumpling饺子 sugar糖(10)情感类anger生气 danger危险
fear恐慌joy喜悦 pity遗憾 pleasure愉快pride自豪 trouble麻烦
名词语境和单复数辨析名词语境和单复数混合辨析考查频率较低,选项中既含单数名词又含复数名词,对于考生有一定的难度,所以考生可从以下四个方面备考:(1)根据句中空前的修饰词来判断单复数①空前有不定冠词a/an修饰,或者有定冠词the修饰时,可确定用名词单数;。
②空前有表示复数概念的限定词修饰,如不定代词及一些固定短语(many,some,a few, few, a number of,several)、数词(除one外)等时,可确定空格处要用名词的复数形式,通过这一点可以排除1-2个选项;
③空前有much,a little,little等词时,可确定空格处要用不可数名词;④空前有a lot of,some等词时,空格处可数名词和不可数名词都有可能(2)根据上下文语境及空格后的动词单复数形式来判断。
①系动词为are或were时,名词为可数名词复数;系动词为is或was时,名词为可数名词单数或不可数名词;②动词是原形时,名词时用复数;动词是第三人称单数形式时,名词为不可数名词或可数名词单数(3)根据生活常识,一些名词常以复数形式出现,如:trousers裤子,glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,scissors剪刀,chopsticks筷子等。
(4)根据一些特定的句型结构来判断如“one of+the+可数名词复数”表示“是……之一”3用所给名词的适当形式填空名词的构词1.n.+-istpiano→pianist science→scientist。
violin→violinist art→artist2.n.+-ianmusic→musician3.n.+erfarm→farmer work→worker4.v+ ment 结尾
achieve---achievementadvertise--- advertisement// advertisingagree— (in )agreementargue---argumentdevelop---development
disgree—disagreement5.V+ tion 结尾attract吸引—attraction 有吸引人conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争,比赛
discuss—discussion 讨论educate-----educationdecide----decisionexpress 表达----expression 词语;表达方式graduate 毕业—graduation
operate 操作,动手术—operationorganize----organizationinvent—inventor / inventioninvite—invitationpollute----pollution 污染
pronounce ---pronunciation permit 允许-----permissionsuggest-建议,暗示--suggestion
6.V+ ance 结尾appear—appearance 外貌 ,出现perform----performance 演出7.V+ ing 结尾bathe 洗澡---bathingend 结束----ending 结尾,结局
train 训练---trainingmean ---- meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语8.V+ 其他behave 行为,举止----behaviorknow 知道---knowledge 知识
fly—flight 飞行heat 加热---heat 热量press 按,压—pressure 压力sit-----seat 座位succeed-- successtour 旅游/ tourist 游客
中考试练1. A seat belt can help protect passengers in many car _________. (accident)【答案】accidents【解析】句意:安全带能在很多汽车事故中帮助保护乘客。
accident为可数名词,其前有many修饰故填accidents2.About 1,200 _______who were born in Jiangsu attended the first Jiangsu Development Summit in Nanjing.(guest)
【答案】guests【解析】句意:大约有1200名出生在江苏的嘉宾在南京参加了第一届江苏发展首脑会议根据1200可知应用名词复数形式故填guests3.Many ______ have set good examples for us to follow.(hero)。
【答案】heroes【解析】句意:很多英雄都为我们树立了可供效仿的良好的榜样Many 很多,后跟名词复数形式hero的复数形式为“heroes”故填heroes4.The _____ faces were a sight, covered with dust.(boy)。
【答案】boys’【解析】句意:这些孩子们的脸就是一道风景,布满尘土根据空格后面的名词faces,可知此处填名词所有格又因为face是复数形式,因此boy也应该用复数故填boys’5.I don’t like soap operas because I think they are ____________.(meaning)。
【答案】meaningless【解析】句意:我不喜欢肥皂剧因为我认为它们是____meaning意为“意义”,根据句意可知,肥皂剧是没有意义的故填meaningless6.March 8th is _________ Day. (woman)。
【答案】Women’s【解析】句意:3月8日是妇女节Women’s Day意为“妇女节”,用woman的复数所有格,并且节日要为专有名词,首字母应大写故填Women’s7.There are some _______ and pens on Wang Jun’s desk.(knife)。
【答案】knives【解析】句意:在王军的桌子上有几把刀子和几支钢笔根据空前some可知此处需填可数名词复数或不可数名词故填knives8.Drivers should drive more slowly on ______ days.(rain)。
【答案】rainy【解析】句意:司机应该在下雨天开得更慢根据空格后days可知,空格处应该填形容词,故填rainy9.The skirt is very _________, and Lucy really likes it.(beauty)。
【答案】beautiful【解析】句意:这件裙子非常漂亮,露西真的很喜欢它分析句子成分可知此处需填形容词作表语,故填beautiful10.I think _________ are really popular with many people in our hometown.(potato)。
【答案】potatoes【解析】句意为:我觉得土豆在我们家乡真的受很多人的欢迎由于空后系动词为are,故主语应为名词复数形式故填potatoes11.In the ___________ Chinese calendar, each year is given a name of 12 kinds of animals.(tradition)。
【答案】traditional【解析】句意为:在中国____日历中,每年都被命名为十二生肖中的一种分析句子可知,此处需要形容词来修饰名词词组Chinese calendar故填traditional12.It is said that a ________ bridge will be built over the river in the mountain village soon.(wood)
【答案】wooden【解析】句意为:据说这个山村很快将要在这条河上建一座____桥空处需用形容词来修饰名词bridge故填wooden13.My classmates like Wang Tao very much because he is __________.(humor)。
【答案】humorous【解析】句意为:我的同学非常喜欢王涛因为他幽默根据空前的is提示可知,此处应用形容词故填humorous14.His dream to be an ______ has come true and he sets a good example for us.(art)。
【答案】artist【解析】句意为:他成为一名____的梦想已经实现,并且为我们树立了一个好榜样结合句意并根据所给提示词可知,此处是指成为“艺术家”故填artist15 She often provides food and clothes for the __________ children.(home)。
【答案】homeless【解析】句意为:她经常给____孩子提供食物和衣服结合句意可知,此处是指“无家可归的孩子”,应填形容词故填homeless16.After two _____ holiday, we came back to work full of energy.(day)。
【答案】days’【解析】句意:在两的假期过后,我们能量满满地回来工作这里需要一个定语修饰名词holiday, 故用名词所有格形式,又因前面的two,可知应用复数名词所有格,故填days’17.Don’t leave the water running when you brush your ______.(tooth)。
【答案】teeth【解析】句意:当你刷牙的时候不要让水流着牙齿一般以复数形式出现,所以需填tooth的复数形式teeth18.Hanzhong is in the _________ part of Shaanxi province.(south)。
【答案】southern【解析】句意为:汉中在陕西省的南部part为名词,需要形容词修饰故填 southern19. On _________ Day, I bought a red scarf for my mother and she was glad to get it.(mother)。
【答案】Mother’s【解析】句意:在母亲节那天,我给妈妈买了一条红围巾,她非常开心拥有它母亲节译为Mother’s Day,为固定表达故填Mother’s20.The railway system __________ depended on the plan used in other countries.(success)。
【答案】successful【解析】句意:这个铁路系统是依照其他国家所使用的已成功的计划制定的分析句子结构可知此处需用形容词successful修饰plan,所以需把名词success变为形容词successful。
故填successful4名词短语总结:名词短语是词组翻译题型的必考点,考生必须在日常学习中多积累相关词汇中考常考名词短语有名词+名词和形容词+名词两种形式1.名词作定语修饰名词,前一个名词一般用单数或不可数名词,如:tea art茶艺。
但也有名词复数作定语的例外情况,如:sports meeting, students reading-room注意man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数由所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:a man worker, women scientists。
常见名词+名词短语:country music乡村音乐basketball club篮球俱乐部animal world动物世界family member家庭成员table manners餐桌礼仪tea art茶艺
soccer/football dream足球梦junk food垃圾食品after-sales service售后服务train/railway station火车站Wednesday morning周三早上
city library市图书馆book lover读书爱好者family member家庭成员basketball player篮球运动员pencil box铅笔盒telephone number电话号码
clothes store服装店 host family寄宿家庭常见形容词+名词短语:Chinese chess中国象棋 long history悠久的历史green city绿色城市
red sweater红毛衣top student尖子生 traditional culture传统文化white clouds白云
comfortable home舒适的家big deal重要的事 natural environment自然环境social problem社会问题
good grades好成绩high speed高速 daily life日常生活中考试练1.We are going to a _________________ to buy some snacks on Saturday. (百货商店)
【答案】department store【解析】句意为:我们在星期六准备去百货商店买一些零食百货商店可译为department store前面是 a,故用单数department store2.Though Alex is an American, he likes _____________ very much. (中国食物)。
【答案】Chinese food【解析】句意为:尽管亚历克斯是一位美国人,但他非常喜欢中国食物中国食物Chinese food3._____________ is one of the most important things for students all the time.(学校安全)。
【答案】School safety【解析】句意为:对于学生来说“学校安全”一直是最重要的事情之一school safety意为“学校安全”,句首单词首字母应大写故填School safety4.Don’t play _______________ all the time. Pay attention to your study.(电脑游戏)。
【答案】computer games【解析】句意为:别一直玩游戏注意你的学业电脑游戏computer games5.In the ____________ last year, all the members got along well with each other.(夏令营)。
【答案】summer camp【解析】句意为:在去年的夏令营中,所有成员都相处融洽夏令营summer camp6.This documentary helps us know more about the __________ in America.(学校生活)。
【答案】school life【解析】句意为:这部纪录片帮助我们更多地了解了美国的学校生活学校生活school life7.These _______________ are not that difficult. I can work them out.(物理题)。
【答案】physics problems【解析】句意为:这些物理问题没有那么难我可以做出来物理题physics problem,再根据These可知应填复数形式故填physics problems8.The Tang Dynasty is the golden age of Chinese _____________.(古诗)
【答案】poems【解析】句意为:唐代是中国古诗的黄金时代古诗可译为ancient poem,古诗不止一首,故用复数9.Because of the __________, Jim was late for the meeting.(暴雨)。
【答案】heavy rain【解析】句意为:因为暴雨,吉姆开会迟到了暴雨heavy rain10.The _____________ Tom in our school has been here for three years.(外教)。
【答案】foreign teacher【解析】句意为:我们学校的外教汤姆已经来这儿三年了外教foreign teacher5名词在句子中运用一、完成句子1.为了提高写作能力,我坚持写日记 In order to improve my writing , I stick to a diary.。
2.孩子们,请深吸一口气,放松自己 Please take a deep and relax , kids.3.不要害怕犯错误 Don’t be afraid of .4..这里有一些如何掌握电脑技能的建议。
Here are some on how to the computer skills.5.商店里有许多种水果 There are manyofin the6.大黄和他的朋友们昨天买了两把刀、两只老鼠、三个土豆。
Mr Huang bought twotwoand three 7.这是Lucy和lily共有的房间 The room is .【答案】1ability writing 2. breath yourselves 3. making mistakes 4.suggestions, mater5.kinds fruit 。
6. knives,mice, potatoes 7. Lucy and lily’s6名词语篇填空The Whites are 1 (德国人),they come from
2 (德国). They keep many pets such as 3 (老鼠), 4 (鹅),
5 (绵羊), 6 (鹿.) They like having some 7
(土豆), 8 西红柿and some 9 (蔬菜)for lunch. After lunch they often drink some
10 (orange). They like 11 (orange)very much. Most of their clothes are 12 (
orange). Last week they had a 13 (三天的)holiday. They made a 14 (
决定) to go to china to meet 15 (他们的一个朋友)Tom . when they got to 16 (
Tom 的家). They met several 17 (妇女), 18 (小孩)and two 19 (男医生). One of the doctors was Tom. His main
20 (工作) is to help 21 (穷人)keep healthy. When he heard Mr. White’s
22 (声音)he felt very happy. Then he gave Mr. White a 23 (
建议) to stay in China to help the people. Because he had a wonderful 24 (经历) here.Tom regards Ningxia as his second
25 (家)because he has been here for over twenty years.【答案】1.Germans 2.Germany 3.mice 4. geese 5.sheep 6.deer
7.potatoes 8.tomatoes 9.vegetables 10.orange 11.orange12.orange 13. three-day 14.decision 15.a friend of theirs 16.Tom’s home
17.women 18.children 19.men doctors 20.voice 21.the poor22.suggestion 23.experience 24.home#往期推荐#
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