生活常识英语怎么说怎么写的_生活常识英语怎么说怎么写的呢
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猜测生词词义是英语阅读理解的一个重要考点,并且有时所占比例较高。因此要想做好阅读理解题,获得阅读理解高分,就必须要掌握一些猜词方法,具备一定的猜词能力。下面是几种行之有效的猜测生词词义的方法。
猜测生词词义是英语阅读理解的一个重要考点,并且有时所占比例较高因此要想做好阅读理解题,获得阅读理解高分,就必须要掌握一些猜词方法,具备一定的猜词能力下面是几种行之有效的猜测生词词义的方法一、同义解释法有时文章中尽管出现有生词,但作者可能以某种方式对生词进行了解释,如利用
or, that is (to say), in other words, namely等释义性词语或短语进行解释,或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等解释同学们若能充分利用这种同义解释的关系,便可轻易地猜测出生词的词义。
如:●But sometimes, no rain falls for a long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought.句中的 or告诉我们:drought
与 a dry period同义,即表示“干旱,旱灾”●The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 5,000yuana year.定语从句who looks after sheep。
表明herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”●We are on the night shift ― from midnight to 8 am ― this week.两个破折号之间的短语清楚地表明night shift。
是“夜班”的意思另外,有时作者还可能用定义法这一更直白的解释方法来对生词进行解释,此法通常涉及的动词有be, mean, deal with, be considered, refer to, be called, be known as。
等如:●Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.只要读懂句意,并结合生活常识,便可知。
annealing的意思是“退火”●Anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知,anthropology的意思是“研究人类的科学”,即“人类学”二、因果推断法
有时对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系来进行推断,既可以是根据原因推测结果,也可以是根据结果推测原因英语中通常用于表示因果关系的词语有because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore, so [such]…that。
等如:●There were so many people in the square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.根据句中的so many people in the square。
,可知结果状语从句中的elbow意为“挤,挤过”●You shouldn’t reproach him for that, for it wasn’t his fault.根据句中的for it wasn’t his fault(。
那不是他的错),可推知 reproach的意思应是“责备”三、前后对比法有时作者对文章中的生词给出了一定的对比背景,并且这种背景通常以反义或对照的方式出现表示这种对比的词和短语主要有unlike, not, but, while, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast to [with], compared with, used to, on the other hand。
等如:●He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.根据句中的not at all as handsome可推知homely的意思是“不英俊,不漂亮
”●Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite kind and modest.。
句中的supercilious是个生词,但是句中短语in contrast(相对照的,相对比的)告诉我们supercilious和后面词组kind and modest(友好又谦虚)是对比关系,由此可知
supercilious的意思是“傲慢的,目空一切的”●American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.。
第一句说expect employees to be punctual,而第二句说not expect that the workers will come late,显然punctual应为come late
之反义,即表示“准时,不迟到”四、基本构词法即根据基本的构词法知识来推测生词的词义基本的构词法包括前缀、后缀、复合等,同学们若平时积累了一定的构词法知识并在考试时充分运用,效果有时是十分明显的如:●Overwork may cause diseases.
前缀over-的意思是“过分的,过量的”,故overwork的意思应为“工作过度”●Bullfight is very popular inSpain.根据构词法:bullfight= bull(公牛) + fight(
打,搏斗)根据常识:斗牛是西班牙一种颇为流行的体育运动由此可知bullfight意为“斗牛”[NextPage]五、语境理解法即根据文章的语境情景进行分析和推理,从而猜测出生词的词义我们平时说“词不离句
”,讲的就是对于词语的正确理解依赖于一定的句子(包括上下文)情景所以同学们在猜测生词词义时,一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子,对生词进行合情合理同时又合乎上下文语境的推测如:●Have you got a piece of bread or something? I’m really famished.。
根据上文问句的内容可以断定famished的意思是“饥饿的”,相当于very hungry●The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.根据句意和常识可知
lintel的意思应该是“过梁”●All the other members are of the same opinion. They are unanimous.根据上文All the other members are of the same opinion。
可推知unanimous的意思应该是“意见一致的,无异议的”●The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent, and the player could never play the sport again.。
根据and the player could never play the sport again可推知permanent的意思为“永远的,永久的”六、举例说明法有时作者尽管未对生词进行直接的解释,但可能在生词后举出了一些相关的例子进行说明,同学们若对这些例子进行适当归纳,即使不能完全猜测出生词的词义,也能猜测出其大致意义。
英语中表示举例说明的方式通常有such as, such…as, like, for example, for instance等如:●Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.。
句中说像dogs和monkeys之类的creatures,由此可知creatures的意思应是“动物”七、常识背景法许多生词的猜测要求同学们利用一定的生活常识和学科常识进行推理、分析如:● Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to our health.。
“吸烟有害健康”,这是众人皆知的常识,由此可知detrimental的意思应该是“有害的”●The snake slithered through the grass.根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识,我们可以推断出。
slither的意思是“爬行”八、类属分析法有时文章中出现的生词可能与其他几个同学们熟悉的词语同属一个类别,此时可以利用这种类属关系推测出生词的大概词义如:●Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.。
句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但同学们只要知道planet(行星)便可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域●The dromedary, like all other desert animals, can go for long periods of time without drinking water.。
句中的like all other desert animals告诉我们dromedary指的是“一种沙漠里的动物”,即“单峰骆驼”(编辑陈根花)引用地址:http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/200903/1142.html。
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